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Tibawi, published in volume 2 of The Islamic Quarterly in 1955• al-Hamdani, although emphasizing the importance of the Rasa'il in the Isma'ili mission in the Yemen, disclaims Isma'ili authorship of the work and instead attributes the treatises to the 'Alids.

Epistles 6—8: On Composition and the Arts Nader El-Bizri, 2018• van Reijn 1945 - The epistle on music of the Ikhwan al-Safa, Amnon Shiloah.

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More surprising still is the denouncement of the belief in a concealed imam as painful to those who hold it and the discredit of the significance of 'number seven' and those who believe in it as contrary to the Ikhwan's creed.

Thomason's prose English introduction to Shaikh 's Arabic edition of the "Debate of Animals" published in , a complete translation of the Encyclopedia into does not exist as of 2006, although Professor of Arabic in Berlin translated the first 40 of the epistles into German; presumably, the remainder have since been translated.

However Hamidullah's "Darwin was inspired by the Epistles of the Ihkwan al-Safa" theory sounds unlikely as Charles Darwin comes from an evolutionist family with his well-known physician grandfather, , author of the poem The Origin of Society on evolution, was one of the leading Enlightenment evolutionists.

Scholars have seen and influences in the religious content, and acceptance of reasoning in the work.

" Stanley Lane-Poole 1883 , pgs.

The division into four sections is no accident; the number four held great importance in Neoplatonic , being the first and for being even.

What do you mean by that? the well-known modern Isma'ili scholar, H.

"It is probable that they have influenced some of the most prominent thinkers of Islam, such as al-Ghazzali d.

Yet all other creeds and systems equally appeared open to doubt or refutation.